Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea

Cherif Hammady Diallo; Siba Haba; Amadou Lamarana Bah; Moussa Camara; Idrissa Diaby; Cellou Kante

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15

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Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea

Cherif Hammady Diallo^*

, Siba Haba, Amadou Lamarana Bah

, Moussa Camara

, Idrissa Diaby, Cellou Kante

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 14, Issue 1)

Received: 18 November 2025 Accepted: 20 January 2026 Published: 27 February 2026

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Abstract

The mining of bauxite, an essential ore for aluminum, is concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions and has a major climatic and environmental impact: it destroys ecosystems through open-pit mining (deforestation, erosion, water and soil pollution), generates greenhouse gas emissions (fossil fuels for transport/drying) and poses social challenges (displacement of populations). The climatic context is twofold: bauxites are formed in hot, humid climates, but their intense extraction in these fragile zones exacerbates the degradation associated with these same climates (rainy seasons, mudflows). The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change on microclimates linked to mining activities in the Boke region of Guinea. Using meteorological data recorded between 2010 and 2023, the research assesses the interannual variability of key climate parameters – temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation and wind speed – using a centred and reduced variable approach and multivariate correlation analysis (Principal component analysis (PCA)). The results reveal a significant warming trend, with an increase in the average annual temperature of approximately 1.3°C, accompanied by a increase from 73% to 79-80% in relative humidity and a slight decrease in atmospheric pressure. Solar radiation and wind speed show irregular seasonal variations, but tend to intensify during the dry season, reflecting increased continentality. The correlation analysis shows a strong negative correlation between temperature and humidity (r = –0.86) and a positive correlation between temperature and solar radiation (r = +0.78), indicating increased thermal imbalance and greater atmospheric dryness. Furthermore, the prevailing wind direction has shifted from north-east (2010–2014) to south-west (2020–2023), reflecting a growing maritime influence. These climatic fluctuations coincide with the rapid expansion of mining activities, deforestation and soil degradation, leading to the emergence of localised microclimatic anomalies. These results highlight the need for integrated environmental management, combining continuous meteorological monitoring, reforestation and sustainable mining practices in order to mitigate local climate disturbances.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 14, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15
Page(s)	44-51
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Climate Variability, Microclimate, Boke Region, Mining Impact, Meteorological Parameters, Guinea

1. Introduction

Weather conditions are defined as short-term processes that cause variations in atmospheric conditions ranging from a few minutes to a season. Processes that influence the atmosphere over periods longer than a season are defined as climate. There are several factors that control the climate and weather in a single location. These factors include variations in solar radiation due to latitude, the distribution of continents and oceans, atmospheric pressure and wind systems, ocean currents, major terrain features, proximity to bodies of water, and local characteristics, including topography. As the climate varies, the corresponding weather may vary in value and direction

[1-6]

In Guinea, studies show that without proper management, bauxite mining can have significant impacts on the hydrology of the surrounding landscape. Dozens of residents told Human Rights Watch that they believed mining had reduced the level and quality of water in the rivers, streams, and wells they depend on for washing, cooking, and drinking, and that it threatened access to water for thousands of people.

[7-14]

The models also predict that there will be seasonal differences in regional rainfall during the remainder of the 21st century. Climate change will not only lead to changes in global average temperatures and precipitation, but also to extreme weather events. There is general agreement among models that the local climate will become stormier. Areas affected by these storms will experience increased rainfall and increased flood risks, while areas far from the storms will generally have less rainfall and an increased risk of drought. Global warming is higher than ocean warming, so the increase could already be close to 1.5°C in some regions, with an increase of between 0.15 and 0.2°C per decade. This leads to an increasing frequency of severe weather events.

Studies based on data from the archives of the National Meteorological Directorate (DNM) and information from international sources confirm the existence of a significant correlation between the impact of mining in Guinea's bauxite zone and climatic processes

[15-18]

. With this in mind, we propose to conduct a study on the impact of climate change on microclimates in relation to mining.

Studying the variability of meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, insolation) provides insight into local climate dynamics and enables long-term trends to be assessed. This research is based on data observed at the Boke weather station between 2010 and 2023. The data relating to temperature and humidity goes up to 2021, while the other parameters extend to 2023.

It uses a statistical approach based on the centred-reduced variable method

[19]

and principal component analysis (PCA)

[20]

to assess interannual variability and correlations between parameters. The main objective is to determine the trend in climate variability in Boke over the study period, identify the meteorological parameters that most influence mining microclimates, and assess the potential impact of climate change on the local wind regime and environmental comfort conditions.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Presentation of the Study Area

With an area of 31.207 km², the Boke region is bordered to the east by the administrative region of Labe, to the west by Guinea-Bissau and the Atlantic Ocean, and to the south by the administrative region of Kindia Figure 1.

Its geographical coordinates are:

1)  Latitude: 10° 56′ 28″ north

2)  Longitude: 14° 17′ 54″ west

Its climate is Sudanese-Guinean, characterised by two alternating seasons: a dry season and a rainy season with average rainfall of 2.500 mm/year. Its terrain includes the Malanta (961 m), Nigue (1134 m) and Badiar (505 m) mountain ranges, which are more or less rugged and interspersed with valleys. Its hydrography consists of irregular rivers (Tomine, Tinguinlinta, Fatala and Konkoure) with ferralitic soil favourable to rice cultivation and fruit tree growing.

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 1. Map of Boke.

2.2. Data Used

The study is based on climatic and geographical data from the Boke weather station, collected by Guinea's National Meteorological Directorate.

The station is situated on a hillside (latitude: 10°56' N, longitude: 14°19' W, altitude: 69 m).

The observations cover the period 2010–2021 and concern the following parameters:

Minimum and maximum temperatures (°C)

Relative humidity (%)

Precipitation (mm)

Atmospheric pressure (hPa)

Wind speed (m/s)

Sun exposure (hours/day)

These data were collected in accordance with World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) standards.

2.3. Statistical Method: Centred-Reduced Variables

The centred-reduced variable method, proposed by

[19]

, allows data expressed in different units to be homogenised.

Each variable Xi is transformed according to the formula: Kaiser criterion (reduced centred variable method).

Z_{i} = \frac{X_{i} - \overset{̀}{X_{i}}}{σ_{i}}

(1)

where:

Z_{i}

= centred-reduced variable,

\overset{̀}{X_{i}}

= mean of the variable,

σ_{i}

= standard deviation of the variable

2.4. Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

This is Principal Component Analysis (PCA): it's a method based on multidimensional descriptive statistics, enabling any number of quantitative variables to be processed simultaneously. The aim is to visualize and summarize the information contained in the various data, in order to obtain a representation that is easier to interpret.

PCA was used to identify correlation axes between climate parameters (temperature, humidity, pressure, wind, precipitation).

It enables you to:

Reduce the size of the dataset;

Group closely correlated variables;

Interpret the dominant trends in climate variability.

Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) between variables were calculated, with the following properties

[19]

- 1 \leq r \leq 1

r=1: perfect positive correlation;

r=0: no correlation;

r=-1: perfect negative correlation.

Linear correlation coefficient (r)

🔸 Application in the climate study area

Case study (analysis of meteorological parameters in Boke):

r(T, HR)>0: means that temperature and humidity increase together (e.g. in the wet season).

r(T, P)<0: would indicate that the temperature decreases as atmospheric pressure increases.

r(V, T)>0: suggests a positive correlation between wind speed and surface temperature (warmer air = more active convection).

With: T average temperature, HR relative humidity, P atmospheric pressure, V wind speed.

Pearson's linear correlation coefficient, denoted by r, is a statistical measure that assesses the degree of linear association between two quantitative variables X and Y.

It is expressed by the following relationship:

r = \frac{Cov (X, Y)}{σ_{X} \cdot σ_{Y}}

(2)

where:

Cov (X, Y) = covariance between X and Y,

σ_{X}

and

σ_{Y}

= standard deviations of X and Y.

2.5. Interpretation Methodology

The results were analysed using three complementary approaches:

1) Interannual analysis (2010–2023): changes in average parameter values.

2) Monthly analysis: identification of typical seasonal variations (e.g. humidity and rainfall during the rainy season).

3) Microclimatic analysis: linking local variations to environmental disturbances caused by mining.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Interannual Temperature Variability (2010–2021)

Temperatures recorded at the Boke weather station show a slight upward trend in minimum and maximum values over the period 2010–2021.

Table 1. Annual changes in temperature and relative humidity in Boke (2010–2021).

Year	Minimum temperature (°C)	Maximum temperature (°C)	Relative humidity (%)
2010	22.2	34.0	73
2011	20.0	34.2	71
2012	21.0	33.3	72
2013	22.2	33.6	73
2014	21.4	34.0	73
2015	20.0	35.0	74
2016	21.8	34.2	78
2017	22.1	34.0	76
2018	21.9	33.2	79
2019	22.0	33.2	80
2020	22.0	32.5	80
2021	21.5	33.2	79

Analysis:

1) The average maximum temperature ranges from 32.5°C to 35°C, with a peak observed in 2015.

2) Minimum temperatures stabilise around 21–22°C, but show an upward trend at the end of the period.

3) Relative humidity increases from 73% in 2010 to 79–80% from 2018 onwards, suggesting a more saturated atmosphere due to evaporation and local deforestation.

3.2. Monthly Variability in Temperature, Humidity and Precipitation (year 2021)

The year 2021 is a good representation of the typical seasonal cycle in Boke.

There is a dry season from November to April and a rainy season from May to October.

Table 2. Monthly climate parameters for Boke in 2021.

Month	Min T (°C)	Max T (°C)	Avg T (°C)	Precipitations (mm)
January	18.5	33.9	26.2	0.0
February	20.8	34.4	27.6	0.0
March	21.6	37.9	29.8	0.0
April	22.2	36.6	29.4	0.0
May	21.9	34.3	28.1	7.0
June	22.9	31.9	27.4	171.5
July	21.5	29.9	25.7	367.5
August	21.9	29.1	25.5	712.5
September	22.0	30.6	26.3	463.0
October	22.4	32.1	27.3	437.0
November	22.4	33.2	27.8	87.0
December	19.6	34.1	26.9	0.0

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 2. Interannual variation in relative humidity (%) in Boke between 2010 and 2022.

3.3. Interannual Variation in Average Temperature in Boke (2010–2021)

The evolution of the average annual temperature in Boke between 2010 and 2021 (Figure 3) reveals an overall trend towards thermal stability, with slight interannual fluctuations. Average values range between 26.7°C and 28.5°C, reflecting a hot and humid climate typical of Guinea's tropical coastal areas.

There was a moderate increase in temperatures between 2014 and 2017, during which time the average temperature exceeded 27.9°C. This increase could be attributed to increased deforestation and the expansion of mining activities in the region, which alter local thermal balances by promoting heat absorption and retention.

1) Maximum temperatures peak in March (37.9°C), before dropping during the rainy season.

2) Heavy rainfall is recorded between June and October, with a maximum in August (712.5 mm).

3) The dry season (November–April) is characterised by high temperatures and a complete absence of rain, leading to dust and dry soil.

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 3. Interannual variation in average temperature (°C) in Boke between 2010 and 2021.

3.4. Monthly Variation in Atmospheric Pressure (year 2023)

Analysis of atmospheric pressure at the station and at sea level allows us to assess the stability of the air mass and its influence on wind and precipitation dynamics.

Data from 2023 show slight but regular fluctuations in pressure throughout the year, reflecting seasonal variability linked to the transition between the dry and wet seasons.

Table 3. Monthly atmospheric pressure in Boke in 2023.

Month	Min Station pressure (hPa)	Max Station pressure (hPa)	Minimum sea pressure (hPa)	Maximum sea pressure (hPa)
January	1004	1008	1073	1077
February	1008	1010	1077	1079
March	1004	1007	1073	1076
April	1006	1010	1075	1079
May	1005	1007	1074	1076
June	1010	1012	1079	1081
July	1008	1011	1077	1080
August	1006	1010	1075	1079
September	1006	1008	1075	1077
October	1005	1007	1074	1076
November	1004	1006	1073	1075
December	1003	1005	1072	107

3.5. Interannual Variation in Atmospheric Pressure in Boke (2010–2023)

There was a slight upward trend in pressure until 2016, followed by stabilisation after 2018, coinciding with the regularisation of rainfall and local thermal equilibrium. This atmospheric stability favours moderate wind circulation, often south-westerly/north-easterly, linked to the Guinean monsoon.

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 4. Interannual variation in atmospheric pressure in Boke between 2010 and 2023.

Table 4. Year-on-year variation in average wind speed and prevailing wind direction in Boke (2010–2023).

Year	Speed (m/s)	Dominant direction
2010	2.1	North-East
2011	2.3	North-East
2012	2.2	East
2013	2.4	East
2014	2.5	East
2015	2.3	South-East
2016	2.7	South-East
2017	2.8	South
2018	2.5	South-West
2019	2.6	South-West
2020	2.4	West
2021	2.3	West
2022	2.6	North-West
2023	2.7	North-West

Download: Download full-size image

Figure 5. Illustrating the interannual variation in wind speed in Boke (2010–2023).

Table 5. Correlation matrix between meteorological parameters in Boke (2010–2023).

Variables	Temperature (°C)	Relative Humidity (%)	Pressure (hPa)	Insolation (h/j)	Wind Speed (m/s)
Temperature (°C)	1.00	-0.86	-0.72	+0.78	+0.65
Relative Humidity (%)	-0.86	1.00	+0.70	-0.82	-0.58
Pressure (hPa)	-0.72	+0.70	1.00	-0.61	-0.45
Insolation (h/day)	+0.78	-0.82	-0.61	1.00	+0.55
Wind Speed (m/s)	+0.65	-0.58	-0.45	+0.55	1.00

Table 6. Descriptive statistics for the selected variables

[20]

Weather variables	Average	Minimum	Maximum	Standard deviation (σ)
Temperature (°C)	27.5	26.2	29.8	1.01
relative Humidity (%)	76.4	71.0	80.0	3.24
Atmospheric Pressure (hPa)	1010.5	1003	1012	2.78
Insolation (h/day)	6.3	5.4	7.4	0.58
Wind Speed (m/s)	2.5	2.1	2.8	0.25

These values show relative stability in the climate regime, but also marked seasonal variability, especially in terms of humidity and temperature.

Table 7. Correlation between variables and factors.

Pair of variables	Correlation coefficient (r)	Interpretation
Temperature – Humidity	–0.86	Strong negative correlation (warmer air = drier air)
Temperature – Pressure	–0.72	Moderate negative correlation (pressure decrease with heat)
Temperature – Insolation	+0.78	Strong positive correlation (sunshine → temperature increase)
Temperature – Wind	+0.65	Moderate positive correlation (convection → stronger wind)
Humidity – Pressure	+0.70	Moderate positive correlation (humid air = higher pressure)
Humidity – Sun exposure	–0.82	Strong negative correlation (high insolation → low humidity)

4. Discussion

The results obtained from the climate analysis of Boke between 2010 and 2023 reveal a significant trend in interannual variability in meteorological parameters, particularly temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, insolation and wind speed.

This variability can be explained by a combination of natural and anthropogenic effects.

On a natural level, the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and the variability of solar radiation strongly influence rainfall distribution and wind dynamics.

From an anthropogenic perspective, the growth of mining activities (bauxite, industrial roads, deforestation, dust emissions) is altering local characteristics such as albedo, soil roughness and atmospheric composition, contributing to the emergence of artificial microclimates.

The strong negative correlation (r = –0.86) between temperature and relative humidity reflects a growing water imbalance, which is likely to increase heat stress and atmospheric dust pollution.

Similarly, the positive correlation between insolation and temperature (r = +0.78) illustrates the radiative sensitivity of the local climate system.

The study of wind patterns indicates a shift in prevailing winds from the north-east (2010–2014) to the south-west (2020–2023), reflecting a strengthening of maritime influence. However, the average wind speed remains low (≈ 2.5 m/s), limiting the dispersion of mining pollutants and promoting their local accumulation.

These findings are consistent with those of other studies conducted in West Africa

[21, 22]

, which highlight increased tropicalisation of the climate and a weakening of microclimates in areas of industrial exploitation.

Relying on a single station creates a risk of erroneous generalization, and the data themselves are subject to multiple sources of error, requiring a cautious approach and an understanding of the inherent limitations of each measurement.

Because a station measures specific local conditions (microclimate) influenced by topography, buildings and vegetation, not always reflecting regional variations, and uncertainties come from sensor errors, power supply, transmission interruptions and atmospheric complexities, making forecasts inherently probabilistic and error-prone.

5. Cconclusion

This study demonstrated the impact of climate change on microclimates while characterising interannual climate variability in the Boké region and assessing its interaction with mining activities.

The analyses show that:

1) The average temperature is trending upwards, indicating local warming.

2) Relative humidity and atmospheric pressure are showing a slight but steady decline, reflecting a gradual drying of the atmosphere.

3) Sunlight exposure and wind speed vary in line with seasonal cycles, but their intensity is modulated by mining and deforestation.

4) The wind regime is undergoing a directional change that is affecting industrial dust dispersion and air quality.

Overall, the Boke region is undergoing a gradual alteration of its microclimatic balance, due to the combined effects of global climate change and local anthropogenic disturbances.

These results suggest the need for integrated land management based on:

1) Systematic monitoring of meteorological variables;

2) Reforestation of degraded mining areas;

3) The implementation of environmental monitoring systems combining climate data, satellites and statistical models.

Table 8. Nomenclature.

Symbol	Meaning	Unit
T	Average temperature	°C
HR	Relative humidity	%
P	Atmospheric pressure	hPa
I	Average insolation	h/day
V	Wind speed	m/s
r	Linear correlation coefficient	–
σ	Standard deviation	–
n	Number of observations	Year

Abbreviations

PCA	Principal component analysis

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Diallo, C. H., Haba, S., Bah, A. L., Camara, M., Diaby, I., et al. (2026). Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 14(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15

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Diallo, C. H.; Haba, S.; Bah, A. L.; Camara, M.; Diaby, I., et al. Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2026, 14(1), 44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15

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AMA Style

Diallo CH, Haba S, Bah AL, Camara M, Diaby I, et al. Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2026;14(1):44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15,
  author = {Cherif Hammady Diallo and Siba Haba and Amadou Lamarana Bah and Moussa Camara and Idrissa Diaby and Cellou Kante},
  title = {Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {44-51},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20261401.15},
  abstract = {The mining of bauxite, an essential ore for aluminum, is concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions and has a major climatic and environmental impact: it destroys ecosystems through open-pit mining (deforestation, erosion, water and soil pollution), generates greenhouse gas emissions (fossil fuels for transport/drying) and poses social challenges (displacement of populations). The climatic context is twofold: bauxites are formed in hot, humid climates, but their intense extraction in these fragile zones exacerbates the degradation associated with these same climates (rainy seasons, mudflows). The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change on microclimates linked to mining activities in the Boke region of Guinea. Using meteorological data recorded between 2010 and 2023, the research assesses the interannual variability of key climate parameters – temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation and wind speed – using a centred and reduced variable approach and multivariate correlation analysis (Principal component analysis (PCA)). The results reveal a significant warming trend, with an increase in the average annual temperature of approximately 1.3°C, accompanied by a increase from 73% to 79-80% in relative humidity and a slight decrease in atmospheric pressure. Solar radiation and wind speed show irregular seasonal variations, but tend to intensify during the dry season, reflecting increased continentality. The correlation analysis shows a strong negative correlation between temperature and humidity (r = –0.86) and a positive correlation between temperature and solar radiation (r = +0.78), indicating increased thermal imbalance and greater atmospheric dryness. Furthermore, the prevailing wind direction has shifted from north-east (2010–2014) to south-west (2020–2023), reflecting a growing maritime influence. These climatic fluctuations coincide with the rapid expansion of mining activities, deforestation and soil degradation, leading to the emergence of localised microclimatic anomalies. These results highlight the need for integrated environmental management, combining continuous meteorological monitoring, reforestation and sustainable mining practices in order to mitigate local climate disturbances.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea
AU  - Cherif Hammady Diallo
AU  - Siba Haba
AU  - Amadou Lamarana Bah
AU  - Moussa Camara
AU  - Idrissa Diaby
AU  - Cellou Kante
Y1  - 2026/02/27
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 44
EP  - 51
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15
AB  - The mining of bauxite, an essential ore for aluminum, is concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions and has a major climatic and environmental impact: it destroys ecosystems through open-pit mining (deforestation, erosion, water and soil pollution), generates greenhouse gas emissions (fossil fuels for transport/drying) and poses social challenges (displacement of populations). The climatic context is twofold: bauxites are formed in hot, humid climates, but their intense extraction in these fragile zones exacerbates the degradation associated with these same climates (rainy seasons, mudflows). The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change on microclimates linked to mining activities in the Boke region of Guinea. Using meteorological data recorded between 2010 and 2023, the research assesses the interannual variability of key climate parameters – temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation and wind speed – using a centred and reduced variable approach and multivariate correlation analysis (Principal component analysis (PCA)). The results reveal a significant warming trend, with an increase in the average annual temperature of approximately 1.3°C, accompanied by a increase from 73% to 79-80% in relative humidity and a slight decrease in atmospheric pressure. Solar radiation and wind speed show irregular seasonal variations, but tend to intensify during the dry season, reflecting increased continentality. The correlation analysis shows a strong negative correlation between temperature and humidity (r = –0.86) and a positive correlation between temperature and solar radiation (r = +0.78), indicating increased thermal imbalance and greater atmospheric dryness. Furthermore, the prevailing wind direction has shifted from north-east (2010–2014) to south-west (2020–2023), reflecting a growing maritime influence. These climatic fluctuations coincide with the rapid expansion of mining activities, deforestation and soil degradation, leading to the emergence of localised microclimatic anomalies. These results highlight the need for integrated environmental management, combining continuous meteorological monitoring, reforestation and sustainable mining practices in order to mitigate local climate disturbances.
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Cherif Hammady Diallo

Department of Physics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea;Department of Physics, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Applied Energy (LEREA), Conakry, Republic of Guinea

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0899-8509
Siba Haba

Department of Physics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea;Department of Physics, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Applied Energy (LEREA), Conakry, Republic of Guinea

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Amadou Lamarana Bah

Department of Physics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea;Department of Physics, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Applied Energy (LEREA), Conakry, Republic of Guinea

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-9339-5522
Moussa Camara

Department of Physics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea;Department of Physics, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Applied Energy (LEREA), Conakry, Republic of Guinea

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-7763-6127
Idrissa Diaby

Department of Physics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea;Department of Physics, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Applied Energy (LEREA), Conakry, Republic of Guinea

Contact Email
Cellou Kante

Department of Physics, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea;Department of Physics, Laboratory for Teaching and Research in Applied Energy (LEREA), Conakry, Republic of Guinea

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APA Style

Diallo, C. H., Haba, S., Bah, A. L., Camara, M., Diaby, I., et al. (2026). Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 14(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15

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ACS Style

Diallo, C. H.; Haba, S.; Bah, A. L.; Camara, M.; Diaby, I., et al. Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2026, 14(1), 44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15

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AMA Style

Diallo CH, Haba S, Bah AL, Camara M, Diaby I, et al. Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2026;14(1):44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15,
  author = {Cherif Hammady Diallo and Siba Haba and Amadou Lamarana Bah and Moussa Camara and Idrissa Diaby and Cellou Kante},
  title = {Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {14},
  number = {1},
  pages = {44-51},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20261401.15},
  abstract = {The mining of bauxite, an essential ore for aluminum, is concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions and has a major climatic and environmental impact: it destroys ecosystems through open-pit mining (deforestation, erosion, water and soil pollution), generates greenhouse gas emissions (fossil fuels for transport/drying) and poses social challenges (displacement of populations). The climatic context is twofold: bauxites are formed in hot, humid climates, but their intense extraction in these fragile zones exacerbates the degradation associated with these same climates (rainy seasons, mudflows). The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change on microclimates linked to mining activities in the Boke region of Guinea. Using meteorological data recorded between 2010 and 2023, the research assesses the interannual variability of key climate parameters – temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation and wind speed – using a centred and reduced variable approach and multivariate correlation analysis (Principal component analysis (PCA)). The results reveal a significant warming trend, with an increase in the average annual temperature of approximately 1.3°C, accompanied by a increase from 73% to 79-80% in relative humidity and a slight decrease in atmospheric pressure. Solar radiation and wind speed show irregular seasonal variations, but tend to intensify during the dry season, reflecting increased continentality. The correlation analysis shows a strong negative correlation between temperature and humidity (r = –0.86) and a positive correlation between temperature and solar radiation (r = +0.78), indicating increased thermal imbalance and greater atmospheric dryness. Furthermore, the prevailing wind direction has shifted from north-east (2010–2014) to south-west (2020–2023), reflecting a growing maritime influence. These climatic fluctuations coincide with the rapid expansion of mining activities, deforestation and soil degradation, leading to the emergence of localised microclimatic anomalies. These results highlight the need for integrated environmental management, combining continuous meteorological monitoring, reforestation and sustainable mining practices in order to mitigate local climate disturbances.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Climate Change on Microclimates in Relation to Mining: The Case of the Boke Region – Guinea
AU  - Cherif Hammady Diallo
AU  - Siba Haba
AU  - Amadou Lamarana Bah
AU  - Moussa Camara
AU  - Idrissa Diaby
AU  - Cellou Kante
Y1  - 2026/02/27
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 44
EP  - 51
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20261401.15
AB  - The mining of bauxite, an essential ore for aluminum, is concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions and has a major climatic and environmental impact: it destroys ecosystems through open-pit mining (deforestation, erosion, water and soil pollution), generates greenhouse gas emissions (fossil fuels for transport/drying) and poses social challenges (displacement of populations). The climatic context is twofold: bauxites are formed in hot, humid climates, but their intense extraction in these fragile zones exacerbates the degradation associated with these same climates (rainy seasons, mudflows). The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of climate change on microclimates linked to mining activities in the Boke region of Guinea. Using meteorological data recorded between 2010 and 2023, the research assesses the interannual variability of key climate parameters – temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, solar radiation and wind speed – using a centred and reduced variable approach and multivariate correlation analysis (Principal component analysis (PCA)). The results reveal a significant warming trend, with an increase in the average annual temperature of approximately 1.3°C, accompanied by a increase from 73% to 79-80% in relative humidity and a slight decrease in atmospheric pressure. Solar radiation and wind speed show irregular seasonal variations, but tend to intensify during the dry season, reflecting increased continentality. The correlation analysis shows a strong negative correlation between temperature and humidity (r = –0.86) and a positive correlation between temperature and solar radiation (r = +0.78), indicating increased thermal imbalance and greater atmospheric dryness. Furthermore, the prevailing wind direction has shifted from north-east (2010–2014) to south-west (2020–2023), reflecting a growing maritime influence. These climatic fluctuations coincide with the rapid expansion of mining activities, deforestation and soil degradation, leading to the emergence of localised microclimatic anomalies. These results highlight the need for integrated environmental management, combining continuous meteorological monitoring, reforestation and sustainable mining practices in order to mitigate local climate disturbances.
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
ER  -

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