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Evaluation of Different Anthropogenic Effluents Impacts on the Water Quality Using Principal Component Analysis: A Case Study of Abu-Qir Bay-Alexandria-Egypt
Mohammed Attia Shreadah,
Abeer Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed El-Sayed,
Asia Abdel Samea Taha,
Abdel-Monem Mohamed Ahmed,
Hanaa Hamam Abdel Rahman
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
56-67
Received:
6 August 2019
Accepted:
27 August 2019
Published:
17 September 2019
Abstract: Background: The growing increase in Egyptian population, as well as urbanization expansion; lead to a corresponding increase in industrial, agriculture, urban effluents that discharged into the aquatic environment of Egypt. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the alteration occurred in some water quality characteristics of different water bodies subjected to different types of pollutants. Methods: Different physicochemical parameters, nutrient salts, total dissolved copper, and total dissolved carbohydrate were measured according to advanced experimental methods and analytical techniques. Results: The results of the hydrochemical parameters revealed that the temperature ranges for Abu-Qir drain waste water and Abu-Qir Bay seawater were normal. The values of salinity for waste water and seawater were (0.19-0.43‰) and (30.2-32.2‰), respectively which are much lower than that of the Mediterranean seawater (38.50‰) due to the discharge of huge amounts of fresh waters into Abu-Qir Bay. The pH values varied from one drain to another according to the geographical position and the amount of waste waters discharged into the area. Dissolved oxygen for waste water and seawater are ranged from a complete depletion to 9.42 mg/l and from 4.53to 4.87mg/l, respectively. On the meantime the range values of oxidizable organic matter for waste water and seawater were 21.6-84.0mg/l and 14.4-42.4mg/l, respectively reflecting the high loads of organic matters added into Abu-Qir drain from different companies. On the other hand, the range values of ammonia varied between 10.20 and 95.6μM for waste water and between 7.50 and 10.10μM for seawater; respectively leading to eutrophication problems in the Bay. The nitrite for waste water and seawater were 2.60-32.40μM and 5.33-6.30μM, respectively, while the range values of nitrate for waste water and seawater were 0.74-36.74μM and 3.51-13.51μM; respectively. The range values of phosphate for waste water were 3.36-21.36μM, while it was 1.30-11.62μM for seawater. It is found that the amount of phosphate in the seawater is small compared to that of waste waters. Generally speaking, the waste and seawaters of the investigated area exhibited high silicate concentrations. Dissolved copper concentrations in Abu-Qir drain and Abu-Qir Bay ranged from 2.80 to 11.58μg/l and from 4.80 to 5.68μg/l; respectively. The range values of TDCHO for wastewater was 0.16-0.92μg/l and for seawater was 0.77-3.15μg/l. Conclusion: It is concluded from factor analysis (FA) that the investigated hydrochemical parameters are the major controlling factors in the distribution patterns of copper and TDCHO in both Abu-Qir drain and Abu-Qir Bay affecting seriously their water quality.
Abstract: Background: The growing increase in Egyptian population, as well as urbanization expansion; lead to a corresponding increase in industrial, agriculture, urban effluents that discharged into the aquatic environment of Egypt. Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the alteration occurred in some water quality characteristics of different wat...
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The Evaluation of Safety Barriers Using the Method Lopa Case: Haoud Berkaoui in Sonatrach
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
68-74
Received:
17 June 2019
Accepted:
18 July 2019
Published:
19 September 2019
Abstract: Nowadays, the industrial world has developed awareness to risk and risk management especially to major risks with catastrophic consequences. Because of this; great efforts has been put to prevent and protect against these risks. The analysis and evaluation of risks are an essential steps to prevent the occurrence or to the reduce severity of the accidents, several methods are used to analyze and evaluate risk, they are divided into three categories qualitative, semi quantitative and quantitative. These methods differ in when, where and why to apply them, qualitative methods are generally easy to apply and fast in identifying the risks, quantitative methods are not as easy but provide a numerical value to the risk that helps in risk comparison in the case of evaluation or decision-making, and semi quantitative methods falls in between. In this framework the objective is to evaluate the performance of the safety barriers using layer of protection analysis (LOPA). It was applied on Haoud Berkaoui in Sonatrach one of the leading companies in oil and gas industry in Africa, we have chosen the new flared gas recovery project as the subject of our study as it is new and no previous work has been done on this subject, we have identified its most critical system and it was the separator V-160, this separator is crucial to the hole operating station, as it holds all the condensate at the end of the operation. We established a HAZOP study and we rely on it to realize LOPA that should be a step for organizations to move towards more semiquantitative and quantitative analysis. So we will try to realize this abstract method in the field. Hopefully this work can contribute to the company applied upon.
Abstract: Nowadays, the industrial world has developed awareness to risk and risk management especially to major risks with catastrophic consequences. Because of this; great efforts has been put to prevent and protect against these risks. The analysis and evaluation of risks are an essential steps to prevent the occurrence or to the reduce severity of the ac...
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The Contribution of Zobe Dam to the Socio-Economic Development of Makera Community Dutsinma Local Government Area, Katsina State North-Western Nigeria
Badamasi Jamda Saidu,
Godwill Geofrey Jidauna,
Jamila Kira Sanusi,
Daniel Davou Dabi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, June 2019
Pages:
75-82
Received:
21 May 2018
Accepted:
12 June 2018
Published:
20 September 2019
Abstract: This study examines the contribution of Zobe dam to the socio-economic development of Makera Community Dutsinma LGA, Katsina State north-western Nigeria. The study identified types of socio-economic activities supported by the dam and their impact. Total of 392 questionnaires was administered to adults target population using stratified random sampling technique. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Findings revealed main economic activities supported by the dam are farming (60.46%), fishing (30.10%), domestic water supply (5.52%) and livestock watering (3.057). The positive contributions of the dam include an increase in the availability of social amenities and resident’s standard of living. Specific impacts were increased income, increased crop yield, increased farm sizes, commercial fishing and increased access to water supply sources. The survey also revealed the dam is a major pull-factor with 79.59% respondent’s decision to settle in the area influenced by the dam. The negative impacts were; occasional floods that erode crops, farmlands, the introduction of new pest and spread of water associated diseases (schistosomiasis, malaria, and typhoid in decreasing magnitude). ANOVA test showed no significant difference in literacy level, occupation and water use among residents. Analysis of water quality to determine the impact of activities was recommended.
Abstract: This study examines the contribution of Zobe dam to the socio-economic development of Makera Community Dutsinma LGA, Katsina State north-western Nigeria. The study identified types of socio-economic activities supported by the dam and their impact. Total of 392 questionnaires was administered to adults target population using stratified random samp...
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