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Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water of Elelenwo River, Rivers State, Niger Delta Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
23-26
Received:
2 March 2020
Accepted:
16 March 2020
Published:
27 May 2020
Abstract: The incidence of river pollution is a common place all over the world. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) presence in the environment is on the increase. Water samples collected from Elelenwo River were analyzed for PAHs concentrations. The analysis was achieved after extraction with dichloromethane and n-hexane in a soxhlet extractor. Thereafter, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to separate and identify the different components of PAHs in the surface water samples. The result obtained showed the presence of 13 priority PAHs from the river. Three priority PAHs (fluorene, benzo (a) anthracene and chrysene) were not detected from any of the stations examined. Different classifications showed that the mean value for 2-3, 4, 5 and 6 ring members were 0.067±0.038, 0.013±0.005, 0.08±0.00 and 0.067±0.009 mg/L respectively. Thus indicating that the occurrence and abundance of the ring sizes were in the order of 5 > 6 + 2-3 > 4. Diagnostic ratio for origin identification in the river showed only pyrogenic source of contamination, thus implication human influence on the origin of the PAHs in the river water. Authorities involved with administration, management and enforcement of contaminant / pollutant discharge should channel their efforts to curb the incidence of outburst of PAHs pollution.
Abstract: The incidence of river pollution is a common place all over the world. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) presence in the environment is on the increase. Water samples collected from Elelenwo River were analyzed for PAHs concentrations. The analysis was achieved after extraction with dichloromethane and n-hexane in a soxhlet extractor. Thereaf...
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Forecast Analysis of Hydro-climatic Data of Nouhao Sub-basin in East-Central of Burkina Faso
Lucien Damiba,
Ali Doumounia,
Aminata Zeba,
Tiéba Nissi Traoré,
Cheick Oumar Sawadogo,
François Zougmoré
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
27-32
Received:
15 April 2020
Accepted:
7 May 2020
Published:
27 May 2020
Abstract: Forecast analysis of hydro-climatics data of Nouhao Sub-Basin shows how useful local rain gauges data collected by population during 4 to 7 years in three (03) villages on the experimental site for the local planning and forecasting. The first results show that i) the breakdown of the series determines the seasonality and occurrence of "casual" rains; ii) the auto-correlation detection test showed that casual rains are not self-correlated and validates the model; iii) the dry/rainy season cycle is from mid-October to April and from mid-April to mid-October for this experimental site, iv) the forecasts for N+1 years in 2016, 2017 and 2018, compared to the collected data, clearly show that the statistical forecast model is robust. The level of correlation is satisfactory with a positive correlation coefficient close to unity. The deficit of cumulative rainfall average around to 14%. The 2019 forecast shows a deficit compared to the previous year (2018). It is a dry year compared to the average index for the period 2012-2018. However, the 2019 forecast for the experimental area corroborates well with the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (ICDS/CILSS) forecasts indicating a normal to surplus year with pockets of drought in the second part of the season for part of Burkina Faso. Longer monitoring in the basin would contribute to seasonal forecasting efforts in Burkina Faso.
Abstract: Forecast analysis of hydro-climatics data of Nouhao Sub-Basin shows how useful local rain gauges data collected by population during 4 to 7 years in three (03) villages on the experimental site for the local planning and forecasting. The first results show that i) the breakdown of the series determines the seasonality and occurrence of "casual" rai...
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2D Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) for Subsurface Evaluation of a Pre-engineering Construction Site in Akure, Southwestern Nigeria
Alagbe Olufemi Adigun,
Faleye Oluseye Emmanuel
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, April 2020
Pages:
33-44
Received:
21 August 2019
Accepted:
10 September 2019
Published:
28 May 2020
Abstract: 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and vertical electrical sounding (VES) were integrated to map the subsurface lithology at a pre-engineering construction site in Akure, southwestern Nigeria, in order to ascertain the competence and suitability of the site for engineering structures. Four 2D horizontal profiling (Wenner array) was used to qualitatively study and interprete the geoinformation of the lithological nature of each geoelectric layer within the study site. Four vertical electrical sounding were also conducted using Schlunberger configuration. The VES data were processed and inverted using master curves and WinResist computer software, while the 2D inversion was done using Diprowin. The results of the 2D horizontal profiling revealed that the study area is composed of four subsurface geo-electric layers with resistivities ranging between 6.91Ωm to 93.6Ωm. These results revealed an expansive clay formation to the depth probed. While the VES results showed a three subsurface geo-electric layers with resistivities ranging between 8.4Ωm to 640Ωm with the second layers where the foundation is supposed to be laid confirmed the presence of clay with resistivities ranging between 8.4Ωm to 13.0Ωm with depth ranging between 4.9m to 7.9m. The results revealed the site to be an expansive clay formation and showed that shallow foundation may not be feasible or advisable for massive engineering structures because of the presence of clay materials in the area. But small or light engineering structures may be recommended.
Abstract: 2D electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) and vertical electrical sounding (VES) were integrated to map the subsurface lithology at a pre-engineering construction site in Akure, southwestern Nigeria, in order to ascertain the competence and suitability of the site for engineering structures. Four 2D horizontal profiling (Wenner array) was used to qua...
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