-
Evaluation of Water Quality of Ramna and Gulshan Lakes
Nusrat Rezwana Binte Razzak,
Abu Zafer Siddik,
Mohammad Ahmeduzzaman
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
273-278
Received:
1 October 2013
Published:
30 October 2013
Abstract: Gulshan and Ramna Lake, prime green spots of Dhaka city are on the verge of extinction now. The objective of study was to evaluate the variation in water quality parameters in two distinct seasons. Water samples were collected along different points and analyzed for various physiochemical parameters during spring and winter. To explore the sources and reasons of pollution, the whole area in and around the lake was preliminarily surveyed. pH of all the samples of Gulshan and Ramna lake was within the ECR standard in both spring and winter. Gulshan lake samples were found more turbid and colored in spring than winter. Iron in water samples was within the range where 5 day BOD was found higher in both lakes. As Dhaka city is expanding day by day with the increasing rate of population, nowadays it has become a regular event that lake areas are used up by the land grabbers. As a result, the lakes are becoming narrower day by day. Wetlands of Dhaka city has been squeezed so that the pollution has become a great threat for the existence of aquatic lives. Poor lake water quality impacts the ecosystem and aesthetic features negatively.
Abstract: Gulshan and Ramna Lake, prime green spots of Dhaka city are on the verge of extinction now. The objective of study was to evaluate the variation in water quality parameters in two distinct seasons. Water samples were collected along different points and analyzed for various physiochemical parameters during spring and winter. To explore the sources ...
Show More
-
Urbanization and Pollution of Surface Water Resources in the Two Largest Cities in Ghana
Isaac Monney,
Robert Boakye,
Richard Buamah,
Frederick Oppong Kyekyeku Anyemedu,
Samuel Nii Odai,
Esi Awuah
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
279-287
Received:
7 October 2013
Published:
30 October 2013
Abstract: Pollution of freshwater resources draining urban centres in the developing world poses a threat to human health and environmental sustainability. This, apart from inadequate infrastructure, is primarily propelled by explosive urban pop-ulations. The study seeks to determine the level of pollution and sources of pollution in selected surface water resources in Accra and Kumasi. Water samples from specific locations of the Aboabo river in Kumasi and the upper reaches of the Korle Lagoon in Accra were collected and analysed for their physico-chemical and microbial quality during the study period. The results from the study pointed out that the upper reaches of the Lagoon is rendered anaerobic during the dry season and with appreciably low DO even during the wet season. Drastic depreciation in DO levels in the Aboabo river as it flows through highly populated areas (Aboabo, Moshie Zongo and Anloga) were depicted through the study. Elevated BOD (upper reaches of the Korle Lagoon: 27.7 - 200mg/L; Aboabo river: 38.25mg/L - 260mg/L) and E. coli (upper reaches of the Korle Lagoon: 5.0x106 - 2.8x109 CFU/100mL; Aboabo river: 4.0x106 CFU/100mL - 1.3x108 CFU/100mL) levels were also recorded in both waterbodies generally attributed to disposal of organic wastes and faecal matter into them. An integrated approach that takes cognizance of both technical and socio-economic factors behind this phenomenon is proposed by the study.
Abstract: Pollution of freshwater resources draining urban centres in the developing world poses a threat to human health and environmental sustainability. This, apart from inadequate infrastructure, is primarily propelled by explosive urban pop-ulations. The study seeks to determine the level of pollution and sources of pollution in selected surface water r...
Show More
-
AN-WOT Model for Designation and Analysis of Sustainable Development Strategies in Abroud Village
Shaho karami,
Maryam Larijani,
Hatef Marefat
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
288-295
Received:
2 October 2013
Published:
20 November 2013
Abstract: Establishment of sustainable development needs to develop new techniques. Which they can develop strategies and solutions to be applied strategies. One of the tools that help managers and planners to develop these strategies, that is using a SWOT analysis. In this study, by making use of the analytical network method, strengths and weaknesses due to internal factors and opportunities and threats caused by external factors were identified. Based on the findings, relevant strategies for the sustainable development of the Jam Abroud village and the executive programs needed for their implementation were designed. These strategies are limited for operational programs and priority. At this straight by using of Analytic Network process, which is one of multi action methods for deciding the strategies were graded. In the final the graded programs for doing the action programs in a period of ten years, with assigning the elements of responsible of these programmers was given. Results show that although the presented offensive patterns ranked best among strategies, followed by conservative, competitive and defensive patterns, but it was found that the use of a combination of the above-mentioned patterns and strategies with attention to their rankings provides the best opportunity to establish sustainable development in Jam Abroud vill.
Abstract: Establishment of sustainable development needs to develop new techniques. Which they can develop strategies and solutions to be applied strategies. One of the tools that help managers and planners to develop these strategies, that is using a SWOT analysis. In this study, by making use of the analytical network method, strengths and weaknesses due t...
Show More
-
Inhalable Particulate Matter Burden in Selected Day-Care Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria
Godson R. E. E. Ana,
Zainab O. Umar
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
296-301
Received:
14 October 2013
Published:
20 November 2013
Abstract: The indoor air quality in day-care centres may influence the occurrence of infectious diseases and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and other international agencies have considered particulate matter as an indicator of impact of air pollution on human health yet information on this from childcare centres is poorly documented in developing countries. This study therefore was designed to assess the particulate matter concentration (PM₁₀) in selected day-care centres (DCCs) in Ibadan, South western Nigeria. The study was descriptive cross sectional. PM10 load was determined 3 days a week for 16 weeks spanning the late wet season and early dry season periods from 10 locations of the selected DCCs using a digital PM counter model Met one. The ratio of indoor/outdoor PM₁₀was computed. Results obtained throughout the monitoring period for all the locations were averaged and compared with WHO PM₁₀ guideline limit of 50μg/m³.Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 5% level of significance. Mean indoor PM₁₀ readings for wet season (73.4 ± 54.4μg/m³) and dry season (296.3 ± 61.6μg/m³)significantly exceeded guideline limit (P<0.05).The indoor/outdoor PM₁₀ ratio was 1.38 ± 0.97 and being greater than 1 indicated a possible indoor source of pollution. High particulate matter concentration observed is indicative of the poor indoor air quality condition in the day care centres. Government policies on routine air quality monitoring and stringent enforcement of environmental sanitation in day care centres are advocated.
Abstract: The indoor air quality in day-care centres may influence the occurrence of infectious diseases and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and other international agencies have considered particulate matter as an indicator of impact of air pollution on human health yet information on this from childcare c...
Show More
-
Determination of Water Quality at Orwell International Oil and Gas Nigeria Limited, Rivers State, Nigeria
Nte Felix. U.,
Esi Emmanuel O.,
Edomi O.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
302-306
Received:
25 September 2013
Published:
30 November 2013
Abstract: Water is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. It is a vital factor for aquatic life as well as for human use. In this report, water samples were collected from Orwell International Oil and Gas Nigeria limited (both borehole water, drainage water and Cway water) all were analyzed for their major, minor and trace metals element constituents and physiochemical parameter, using modern analytical methods. The results were evaluated with a view to determine and compare the quality of the water sampled from the study area with WHO Standard to enable us knows the quality of water in the industrial layout. The following physiochemical and heavy metals were analyzed with concentration level range as follow: Total dissolved solid “TDS” ranged from 20.0 – 250 mg/l with mean value as 123.33 mg/l), Total suspended solid “TSS” ranged from 12.0 – 130 mg/l with mean value as 51.33 mg/l, Total hardness ranged from 8.0 – 32.02 mg/l with mean value as 18.67 mg/l, Conductivity ranged from 7.0 – 46.0 µs/cm with mean value as 26 µs/cm, pH ranged from 4.21 – 7.21 with mean value as 6.06, Dissolved oxygen “DO’’ ranged from 4.80 – 5.60 mg/l with mean value as 5.067 mg/l, Biochemical Oxygen Demand “BOD” ranged from 15.0 – 30 mg/l with mean value as 20.833 mg/l, Salinity ranged from 15.40 – 35.91 mg/l with mean value as 25.56 mg/l, Iron “Fe” ranged from 0.088 – 3.396 mg/l with mean value as 1.21 mg/l, Pb ranged from 0.014 - 0.047 mg/l with mean value as 0.0143 mg/l, Zn ranged from 0.065 – 0.159 mg/l with mean value as 0.125 mg/l, Cd ranged from 0.006 – 0.013 mg/l with mean value as 0.0006 mg/l and Ni ranged from 0.015 – 0.140 mg/l with mean value as 0.0743 mg/l. The mean values for TDS, TSS, Conductivity and Salinity were below the WHO Standard for portable drinking water, while the total hardness and dissolved oxygen falls within the WHO Standard limit. The BOD was above the WHO Compliance limit for portable drinking water, although the pH for the Cway water fall within the WHO permissible limit for portable water but the pH for borehole water is below the WHO permissible limit for portable water. The presence of some heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni) were also detected in the analysis which will be toxic to human being and the environment at high concentration.
Abstract: Water is one of the abundantly available substances in nature. It is a vital factor for aquatic life as well as for human use. In this report, water samples were collected from Orwell International Oil and Gas Nigeria limited (both borehole water, drainage water and Cway water) all were analyzed for their major, minor and trace metals element const...
Show More
-
Total Environmental Monitoring of a Paper and Pulp Industry in Pakistan
Sana Akhtar,
Iqra Tariq,
Almas Hamid,
Sunaina Ashfaq
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
307-314
Received:
29 October 2013
Published:
30 November 2013
Abstract: The Paper and Paperboard mill selected for environmental monitoring is a large integrated mill, which uses wheat straw, bagasse and waste paper as a raw material for paper production. The plant produces white and brown paper as well as corrugated cartons. A few upset and spills were found at the mill due to old production procedures, however new interventions were made at a few places to fill in the gaps. Material and water balance were drawn for the industry, which showed that the wastewater produced by the mill was 205.6 m3/ton of product. The Suspended Solids (SS) and BOD of the wastewater discharged in the Hudiara drain were found to be 431.8 kg/ton of product and 726 mg/l, respectively. Similarly sulphide content of the wastewater was also exceeding the relevant environmental standards. Among the stack and air emissions studied, all of the parameters were within the prescribed limits of National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS). The National standards for noise and illumination were also being violated in some areas of the industry, thus depicting poor ergonomic conditions. The cleaner production opportunities were studied for the mill, which concluded that good housekeeping is required and measures for water conservation should be taken in action, which include, repairing the leakages, using pressure nozzles and keeping the taps closed when not in use.
Abstract: The Paper and Paperboard mill selected for environmental monitoring is a large integrated mill, which uses wheat straw, bagasse and waste paper as a raw material for paper production. The plant produces white and brown paper as well as corrugated cartons. A few upset and spills were found at the mill due to old production procedures, however new in...
Show More
-
Automated Nutrients Analysis for Buoys in Sea-Water and Intercalibration
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
315-322
Received:
4 November 2013
Published:
10 December 2013
Abstract: The Nutrient Probe Analyser-4 (NPA-4) is an automatic chemical analyser for “in-situ” and continuous measurements, based on a new improvement of the exclusive analytical technology developed by Systea and named LFA (Loop Flow Analysis); LFA has permitted levels never reached before in analytical automation and in analyser miniaturisation. With NPA-4 probes, it is possible to analyse directly in the water up to four parameters with the same instrument, using a particular configuration of LFA technology, which allows the sequential analysis of more than one analytical method in a single analytical reactor (30 minutes for a complete 4 parameters cycle). It has been conceived to execute ammonium, nitrate-nitrite, nitrite and orthophosphate analysis at low concentration in sea water samples. The hermetic closed Loop provides full protection against background interference, a basic requirement for stable trace analysis. At the start of a cycle the loop is washed and filled with sample. The sample colour is measured for compensation. Small amounts of concentrated reagents are added and mixed with high intensity. The intensity of the colour of the reaction product is measured one or two colorimetric dual beam with silicon detector, depending on requested methods. The standard wet chemistries for nutrients analysis used in NPA-4 are the ones recommended by international standard The statistical test show that the results of automated and manual analyses agree for all the examined parameters. Precision of all four analyses is ≤ 3 % RSD. The Limit of detection of 5, 5, 2.5 and 2.5 µg/L were reported for N-NH4, N-NO3, N-NO2 and P-PO4, respectively. Multiparametric on line analyzer: it is possible to connect to a data logger with analogue and digital signals, in order to have on line simultaneous analysis of the sample. A typical application is on line analysis of seawater on an oceanographic research buoy (Max -5m). It does not require any operator.
Abstract: The Nutrient Probe Analyser-4 (NPA-4) is an automatic chemical analyser for “in-situ” and continuous measurements, based on a new improvement of the exclusive analytical technology developed by Systea and named LFA (Loop Flow Analysis); LFA has permitted levels never reached before in analytical automation and in analyser miniaturisation. With NPA-...
Show More
-
Average Solar UV Radiation Dosimetry in Central Nigeria
Igbawua Tertsea,
Ikyo Barnabas,
Agba Emmanuel
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 6, December 2013
Pages:
323-327
Received:
6 November 2013
Published:
10 December 2013
Abstract: The measurement of solar UV radiation at a typical market setting (Gboko, Central Market, Benue State Nigeria) was done using a broadband UV meter and Polymer Polysulphone Dosimeters. The dosimeters were fitted on strategic solar radiation access areas on a plastic human figure and placed in the sun from 9:30am- 4:00pm. The dosimeter fitted on the fore head recorded the highest reading of 595 J/m2 whereas the one positioned in the pocket (beneath the cloth) gave the least reading 2.7J/m2. The dosimeter placed in the Shade (Shop Canopy) also gave a low value of 45.4 J/m2 and the mean UV radiation exposure was determined as 432 ± 47 J/m2. The work sets a reliable baseline data for solar UV radiation monitoring in central Nigeria. Appropriate recommendations have also been made to create awareness on the harmful effects of solar UV radiation.
Abstract: The measurement of solar UV radiation at a typical market setting (Gboko, Central Market, Benue State Nigeria) was done using a broadband UV meter and Polymer Polysulphone Dosimeters. The dosimeters were fitted on strategic solar radiation access areas on a plastic human figure and placed in the sun from 9:30am- 4:00pm. The dosimeter fitted on the ...
Show More
