The Current Climate Change Impacts in Arabica Coffee Production and Mitigation Option in Case of Ethiopia: A Review
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
80-88
Received:
16 February 2023
Accepted:
11 July 2023
Published:
21 July 2023
Abstract: The climate change syndrome became chronic problems, making it tedious to give a straightforward diagnosis and solution. Day-to-day weather variability is the most challenging worldwide. Of several sectors facing climate change impacts, the agricultural sector is the most susceptible, dramatically reducing its outputs and outcomes. Severity grows more spectacularly in developing countries such as Ethiopia. The current climate change symptoms in Ethiopia's coffee production are yield reduction, disturbance on physiological and normal growth, quality deterioration, outbreaks of pests that earlier economically minor (diseases and insect pests such as thread blight and thrips) in coffee production and genetic erosion observed at ex-situ and in-situ areas. Arabica coffee is the most susceptible species to climate change, with a rough estimation scenario showing around 40% genetic erosion expected due to climate change if there are no mitigation interferences in Ethiopia. Huge reduction in quality and productivity of Arabica coffee has been significantly observed due to climate change and variability. Majorities of marginal production areas have become less productive and out of production in Ethiopia. Coffee producers enforced to substitute coffee farm with climate change-tolerant annual and perennial crops and other trees which negative affects coffee industry. In addition, the coffee land use system vividly changed the safest and most environmental friendly coffee production system into other intensive and careless production methods due to producers discouraging. However, indigenous farmers’ knowledge and recently generated agronomy technologies can be used to mitigate climate change and its effects. Further awareness creation and application of mitigation methods such as agroforestry, shade, intercropping, irrigation, cover crops, different integration methods and genetic improvement or developing climate smart variety are the key solution and the hope for future coffee industry and producers.
Abstract: The climate change syndrome became chronic problems, making it tedious to give a straightforward diagnosis and solution. Day-to-day weather variability is the most challenging worldwide. Of several sectors facing climate change impacts, the agricultural sector is the most susceptible, dramatically reducing its outputs and outcomes. Severity grows m...
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Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in M’Badon Bay (Ebrie Lagoon, Abidjan-Cote d’Ivoire)
Urbain Paul Gnonsoro,
Naminata Soumahoro Sangaré,
N’Guessan Louis Bérenger Kouassi,
Koffi Martin N’Goran,
Koffi Marcellin Yao,
Albert Trokourey
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2023
Pages:
89-101
Received:
6 July 2023
Accepted:
25 July 2023
Published:
15 August 2023
Abstract: Pollution of the environment by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is of great concern because of their persistence, toxicity, mutagenic and carcinogenic nature. The distribution of 8 PAHs in water and surface sediment from M’Badon Bay (Ebrie Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire) was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the mean PAH concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 2.70 µg/L in waters and from 0.37 to 25.9 µg/kg in sediments. It was found that pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene have the highest concentrations in waters (12.35 and 4.69µg/L, respectively) while only pyrene showed the highest concentrations in sediments (154.1 µg/kg). Furthermore, benzo[a]pyrene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene are frequently detected during the dry, wet, and flood seasons. In addition, highest PAH concentrations was detected during the wet season for both water and sediments. Diagnostic ratio revealed a petrogenic origin of PAHs contamination in M’Badon bay while sediments equivalent toxicity indicated a low toxicity of sediments for living organisms. Also, benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[a]pyrene concentrations exceeded in some cases the European Union Maximum Allowable concentrations for surface water (0.1 µg/L). The results of this study suggest that M’Badon Bay water may result in cancer risks to local communities who use it for fishing and domestic purposes.
Abstract: Pollution of the environment by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is of great concern because of their persistence, toxicity, mutagenic and carcinogenic nature. The distribution of 8 PAHs in water and surface sediment from M’Badon Bay (Ebrie Lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire) was investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The resul...
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