Design of a Relational Database for the Management of Crop Residues in Agricultural Regions: Case of the Agricultural Basin of Sassandra – Ivory Coast
Amenan Anne Mary Kouassi-kouadio,
Petemanagnan Jean-Marie Ouattara,
N’Da Akoua Alice Koua-Koffi,
Talnan Jean Honore Coulibaly,
Lacina Coulibaly
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
111-119
Received:
1 August 2022
Accepted:
24 August 2022
Published:
8 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijema.20221005.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The management of crop residues remains a major concern for the populations of regions with strong agricultural activity, because their poor management is often a source of disease. Also the absence of a consolidated database of the quantities of agricultural waste actually produced in the localities makes it difficult to exploit them. This work aims to set up a relational database making it possible to obtain information on the quantities of residues available in the localities. The quantities were estimated using agricultural statistics data from the Ministry of Agriculture and residue productivity indices. The approach adopted is the MERISE method which requires a study of the existing as well as a formalization based on the entity-association model and the use of a relational database management system, then a programming language oriented object. The result of this work is a user-friendly interface that makes it easy to enter and to view crop residue data. Thus, the “bddechetagro” database set up contains useful data for an overall assessment of the problem. She will allow operators wishing to process crop residues in recovery units to acquire information on the desired residues. Thus, from a query, it is possible to obtain the list of residues available in the basin, residues available in a locality, residues available by locality and by type of residue, information on a residue from the name, to obtain information from a producer of residue.
Abstract: The management of crop residues remains a major concern for the populations of regions with strong agricultural activity, because their poor management is often a source of disease. Also the absence of a consolidated database of the quantities of agricultural waste actually produced in the localities makes it difficult to exploit them. This work ai...
Show More
Accumulation of Heavy Metal ion and Ex-situ Remediation of Polluted Soil Using Escherichia intermedium and Shigella sonnei Isolated from Polluted Sites
Olusola Adelowotan,
Emmanuel Ayodele Oluyemi,
Abiodun Odunlami Adegunwa
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
120-126
Received:
27 July 2022
Accepted:
19 August 2022
Published:
21 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijema.20221005.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Heavy metals pollution of the soil is of environmental concern and various methods have been applied to reduce its concentration. This study examines the accumulation of metal ion from aqueous solution and remediation potential of indigenous Escherichia intermedium and Sḫigella soṉnei isolated from polluted site. Standardized 2 mL of inoculum was added to 30 ppm of metal (Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Ni) solution and was incubated at 37°C, the solution was centrifuged and cells were filtered off. The supernatant was analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) for the determination of residual metal concentration. Total metal concentration in the polluted soil was extracted using aqua regia (HCl:HNO3, 3:1) solution. Polluted soil solution was inoculated with 2 mL of standardized inoculum and was incubated at 37°C, the solution was subjected to gradient configuration and cells were filtered off. The resulting soil solution was subjected to acid digestion and analyzed with AAS for the determination of residual heavy metal concentration. Results from the bioaccumulation experiment show the absorbed concentration of metals from the aqueous solution by Escherichia intermedium as follows: 19.034 ± 0.26 mg/l (Cd), 5.799 ± 0.26 mg/l (Cr), 18.025 ± 0.17 mg/l (Cu), 9.930 ± 0.22 mg/l (Pb) and 11.179 ± 0.14 (Ni) as well as Sḫigella soṉnei with absorbed concentrations of 17.133 ± 0.17 mg/l (Cd), 8.937 ± 0.22mg/l (Cr), 17.686 ± 0.17 mg/l (Cu), 14.347 ± 0.02 mg/l (Pb), 10.776 ± 0.20mg/l (Ni). The range of percentage reduction of metal concentration in the ex-situ remediation of the four polluted soil sampled by Escherichia intermedium is as follows: 3.86-34.34% Cu, 18.06-50.39% Cr, 1.72-88.17% Cd, 2.89- 8.53% Pb, 19.31-44.03% Ni and Sḫigella soṉnei with 7.66-53.36% Cu, 17.39-50.11% Cr, 12.38%-ND Cd, 6.74-20.41% Pb and 44.17-53.13% Ni reduction. This study establishes that these isolates own good capability of accumulating and reducing metal ions from both aqueous solution and soil solution.
Abstract: Heavy metals pollution of the soil is of environmental concern and various methods have been applied to reduce its concentration. This study examines the accumulation of metal ion from aqueous solution and remediation potential of indigenous Escherichia intermedium and Sḫigella soṉnei isolated from polluted site. Standardized 2 mL of inoculum was a...
Show More
Variation of Subsample Estimates of Selected Benthic Macroinvertebrate Mathematical Indices: Retrospective Analysis and Proposed Criteria
Russell Anthony Isaac,
James Heltshe
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, October 2022
Pages:
127-139
Received:
24 August 2022
Accepted:
27 September 2022
Published:
17 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijema.20221005.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Rapid bioassessment protocols (RBP) have been used widely to assess and compare benthic macro invertebrate communities, often in the context of determining impacts from impairments to water quality. Given that a relatively small sample of 100 organisms often was used to calculate various biological metrics, the question of how frequently differences are inferred when in fact the subsamples are from the same population (i.e., Type 1 errors) is of interest. The analysis of 72 large (300-1760 organism) field samples uses the differentiation criteria recommended in the first edition of EPA' s RBP 1989 guidance manual as a case example. A minimum of 100 subsamples each of 100 organisms was used to evaluate the uncertainty of metric estimates. Variability in estimates of Community Loss, Similarity (R-Ratio), Jaccard, Sorensen, Bray-Curtis Similarity indicies, and Bray-Curtis Dissimilarity as well as Diversity and Evenness also are presented. Decision criteria for judging two samples are from different parent distributions are provided for each metric at alpha= 0.15 for Type 1 errors. The proposed decision criteria are based on pooling all of the estimates of a given metric using the entirety of the calculated values of that metric derived from all subsamples of the 72 field samples. The findings demonstrate the need to vet current and potential ecological numerical metrics, for variability when estimating their values from subsamples.
Abstract: Rapid bioassessment protocols (RBP) have been used widely to assess and compare benthic macro invertebrate communities, often in the context of determining impacts from impairments to water quality. Given that a relatively small sample of 100 organisms often was used to calculate various biological metrics, the question of how frequently difference...
Show More
